Abstract Cancer is a complex and multifaceted biological phenomenon characterized by the dysregulation and excessive proliferation of cells, ultimately leading to uncontrolled growth. It represents a significant contributor to global mortality rates. The documented cases and projected outcomes for the immediate future are beyond imagination. According to statistics from the FDA, it has been observed that 40% of the molecules that have received approval are either natural compounds or have been derived from them. Furthermore, it has been shown that out of these molecules, around 74% are utilized in the context of anticancer therapy. Indeed, natural goods are perceived to possess a higher degree of biological compatibility, resulting in reduced toxicity towards typical cellular structures. This study focuses on discussing the latest and effective instances of secondary metabolites, comprising polyphenolic, diterpene, triterpene, and alkaloid chemicals, which exhibit significant potential in the field of anticancer research. This analysis will mostly concentrate on compounds that are either through clinical trials or are already being utilized in anticancer therapy. Consequently, we will examine successful instances for ex. paclitaxel and homoharringtonine, which are currently in clinical use. Additionally, we will discuss curcumin and ingenol mebutate, both of which are currently being investigated in clinical trials. This paper aims to examine the natural sources of various compounds, the key methods involved in their development, their therapeutic targets, and primary structural alterations which can enhance their anticancer capabilities. The objective is to highlight the significance of plants as a valuable reservoir of potent and non-toxic anticancer medications.
Keywords Anticancer Agents, Secondary Metabolites, Mechanisms, Efficacy.